內容簡介

本書是專為外語教師及準教師編寫的一部關于外語教學基本理論及實踐方法的綜合性指導書籍。

外語教學是一個包羅萬象的領域。它不僅牽涉到對于語言屬性、語言能力等語言學基本概念的界定,對于人類學習規律特別是外語學習過程的認識等心理學分支領域,而且還涉及到對于教育哲學及教學規律的理解。

從以上簡單的分析我們可以清楚地看到,“語境”的概念對于外語教學的定位是何等重要。本書涵蓋的內容也和其他同類書籍差不多︰從語言能力的界定到外語學習的規律,從外語教學的原則和方法到四種基本技能的培養,從語言的文化背景到語言測試的設計,再到課堂教學的實施。這些話題都是外語教師們十分熟悉的。然而,正如它的標題——“在語境中教語言”明確提示的那樣,書中探討的是具體使用情境中的語言和語言教學的上述相關層面。換言之,“語境”是本書探討問題的前提,也是貫穿全書的一條基本線索。這一特征又使得本書與其他同類書籍十分不同,它極大地提高了本書的實用價值,拉近了這部著作與一線外語教師間的距離。作者的獨具匠心之處也在于此。
 

目錄

導讀F7
Preface F16
Acknowledgments F21
1 0n Knowing a Language
Introduction
Defining Language Proficiency
Proficiency and Language Acquisition Theory
Some Research Findings about Oral Proficiency
Issues in Language Proficiency Assessment︰Caveats,Clarifications,and New Directions
Defining the Content of Instruction︰The Standards forFore~Language Learning
Summary︰On Knowing a Language
Activities for Review and Discussion
References
2 0n Learning a Language
Introduction
Exploring Theories of Language Learning
The Role of Individual Learner Factors in Second—Language Learning
Relating Theory to Practice︰Some Considerations
Summary︰On Learning a Language
Activities for Review and Discussion
References
3 On Teaching a Language
0rienting Instruction toward Proficiency
The Proficiency Orientation of Existing Methodologies︰A PreliminaryAppraisal
Three“Traditional”Methods
Reactions to Audiolingualism︰Two Mentalist Perspectives
A Functional Approach︰Communicative Language Teaching
Modem Adaptations of the Direct Method
Humanistic Approaches to Language Teaching
Summary︰On Teaching a Language
Activities for Review and Discussion
References
4 The Role of Context in Comprehension and Learning
The Importance of Context and Background Knowledge in the Comprehension Process︰Some TheoreticalConsiderations
Research on the Role of Context in Comprehension
The Role of Computers in Providing Richer Contexts for Language Learning
Integrating Language and Content︰Immersion and Content-Based Instruction
Summary︰The Role of Context in Comprehension and Learning
Activities for Review and Discussion
References
5 A Proficiency.Oriented Approach to Listening and Reading
A Rationale for Teaching Listening and Reading
Similarities in Listening and Reading
Differences between Spoken and Written Discourse
Integrating Listening,Reading,and the Productive Skills︰The Vision of the StandardsforForeignLanguageLearning
Teaching Listening Comprehension
Sample Formats for Listening Comprehension
Teaching Reading Comprehension
Sample Formats for Reading Comprehension
Summary︰A Proficiency.Oriented Approach to Listening and Reading
Activities for Review and Discussion
References
6 Developing Oral Prlficiency
7 Becoming Proficient in Writing
8 Teaching for Cultural Understanding
9 Classroom Testing
Epilogue Planning for the Proficiency-Oriented Classroom
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