Bethge collected data in three cocoa growing communities in different regions of Ghana and conducted more than 50 interviews with specialists and farmers to analyze and compare the two
sustainability certification programs. He covers the theoretical background and framework, sustainability certification as a form of private governance, comparing the approaches of Fairtrade
and Rainforest Alliance, and implementing and impacts in the cocoa sector of Ghana. He finds that both programs benefit farmers, and that the differences between them are not significant.
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