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臺灣電信詐欺集團從事海外跨境的犯罪情形日益嚴重，在全球化的浪潮下，空間與時間因為科技與交通工具的進步壓縮下而產生了分離的狀態，全球化不僅拉近了彼此之間的距離，也使得犯罪跨越了疆界，傳統犯罪的框架也不再局限於犯罪工具與地點，跨境詐欺犯罪的全境擴散除了交通與科技的革新外，更源自於緊密的犯罪組織網絡的結合，組織網絡包含了個人與團體，而搭起這些組織網絡的橋梁就是犯罪者的生活型態，跨境詐欺犯罪特性包括了低風險、高報酬、智能化、專業化、集團化，為了探究跨境詐欺犯罪的本質，本研究針對組織犯罪的三大構成要素來進行研究分析，輔以犯罪腳本的模式進行分析，深入了解跨境詐欺犯罪的過程模式與生活型態、組織網絡與主要犯罪行為間的關聯。
本研究採用文獻探究法、次級資料分析法以及質性研究中的深度訪談，從法院判決書中對初步了解犯罪地點、工具、時間與被害者國籍的關聯性，再針對十六位曾經參與跨境詐欺犯罪的受刑人，了解跨境詐欺犯罪集團的架構及其網絡關係，針對其生活型態去了解加入犯罪集團的成因，透過犯罪腳本來分析其犯罪的順序與過程，最後對於十位偵查人員進行深度訪談，共同比對分析跨境詐欺犯罪集團的架構、網絡與犯罪腳本的過程。研究發現犯罪者生活型態與出入及持續參與跨境詐欺犯罪有關，包括低薪、工作類型、消費習慣與不穩定的經濟來源，而最關鍵的是偏差同儕的影響甚鉅。犯罪團體網絡的強弱連結、運作效率與風險管控，對於主要犯罪行為與生活型態有相互影響的關聯性。從犯罪腳本的九大場景三大階段說明跨境詐欺犯罪的過程與順序，以及情境分析的各項腳本比重，最後提出跨境詐欺犯罪的命題來建構常模。最後以情境犯罪預防提出相關對應方法，形成跨境詐欺的應對防治具體作為與提出政策建議。
關鍵字：跨境詐欺、犯罪腳本、犯罪組織網絡、犯罪生活型態、情境犯罪預防
許華孚
2020年10月
Abstract
As the rapidly growing tendency of the globalization comes, the crime situation of the cross-borad telecommunication frauds are getting worse than before. The globalization which causes the
time-space compression has not only brought closer the relationship between the time and spaces, but also transnational crime. Criminal tools and locations leap out off the framework of
traditional crime because of the innovation of the transportation and communication technology. Organized crime is derived from the integration of the solid criminal organizations and the
criminal life style. This research focuses on the three major components of the transnational frauds, major criminal behaviors, criminal networks and the criminal life style, that analyzes
the pattern of crime scripts to gain in-depth understanding of the fraud crime process.
The study adopts the method of literature exploration, secondary data analysis, and in-depth interviews. Acquiring preliminary understanding of the relationship between the location, tools,
period of time and the nationality of the victim through verdicts. Clarifying the structure of fraud criminal organizations and their networks, to expound the causal factor of beginning and
consistent participation of crime. To conduct in-depth interviews 26 respondents which include 16 offenders, 10 detectives（criminal investigators）, then conclude several results: a） The
criminal lifestyle of offenders is relevant to the participation in transnational fraud crimes, including low wages, job types, consumption habits, biased peers and unstable sources of
income, especially biased peers is the critical variable. b） The tight-loose connections, operational efficiency, and risk control of the criminal organization network have a mutual influence
on major criminal behaviors and lifestyles. c） To summarize the process and sequence of transnation fraud crimes from the three stages of nine major scenes of crime scripts, as well as the
proportion of scripts in situational context analysis. Eventually formulate the proposition of transnation fraud crimes, and puts forward relevant corresponding tatics to prevention of
frauds, and provides specific measures and policy recommendations for transnation fraud crime.
Key words: Transnational Fraud, Crime Script, Organization Network, Criminal lifestyle, Situational Crime Prevetion
