政治學(英文版)

序言
致謝
第一部分︰政治理論
第1章︰什麼是政治？
1.1 政治的界定
作為政府藝術的政治
作為公共事務的政治
作為妥協與共識的政治
作為權力的政治
1.2 政治的研究
政治研究的取向
哲學傳統
經驗傳統
科學傳統
近來的發展
政治研究能夠科學化嗎？
概念、模型和理論
總結
問題討論
擴展閱讀
第2章︰政府、體系和政體
2.1 傳統的分類體系
為何劃分政治體系？
古典的分類
“三個世界”的劃分
2.2 現代世界的政體
西方的多頭制
新民主制
東亞政體
伊斯蘭政體
軍事政體
總結
問題討論
擴展閱讀
第3章 政治意識形態
3.1 什麼是政治意識形態？
3.2 自由主義
自由主義的要素
古典自由主義
現代自由主義
3.3 保守主義
保守主義的要素
家長式保守主義
新右派
新自由主義
新保守主義
3.4 社會主義
社會主義的要素
馬克思主義
馬克思主義的要素
正統共產主義
現代馬克思主義
社會民主主義
第三條道路
3.5 其他的意識形態傳統
法西斯主義
無政府主義
女性主義
環境保護主義
宗教原教旨主義
3.6 意識形態的終結？
總結
問題討論
擴展閱讀
第4章︰民主
4.1 界定民主
誰是人民？
人民應如何統治？
人民統治的擴展空間應有多大？
4.2 民主的模式
古典民主
保護型民主
發展型民主
人民民主
4.3 實踐中的民主︰對立的觀點
多元主義觀點
精英主義觀點
法團主義觀點
新右派觀點
馬克思主義觀點
總結
問題討論
擴展閱讀
第5章︰國家
5.1 國家為何物？
5.2 對立的國家理論
多元主義國家
資本主義國家
利維坦式國家
家長式國家
5.3 國家的角色
最小國家
發展型國家
社會—民主國家
集體化國家
極權國家
5.4 “空心”的國家
國家和全球化
國家轉型
總結
問題討論
擴展閱讀
第二部分 政治互動
第6章︰政治文化、認同與合法性
第7章︰代表、選舉與投票
第8章︰政黨和政黨制度
第9章︰團體、利益和運動
第三部分 政府設置
第10章︰憲法、法律和司法
第11章︰議會機構
第12章︰政治行政機構

THIS book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the study of politics．It is designed to be of use to students taking courses in any field of the discipline，as well as general readers with an interest in the subject．

Politics stubbornly（and splendidly）refuses to stand still．The idea that history is ‘speeding up’was not just a symptom of fin de siecle anxiety；in a sense，history is speeding up．For instance，the final decades of the twentieth century saw the end of the Cold War，the emergence of a global economy，a technological revolution in production and communications and the rise of political Islam．Indeed，we appear to be living in a kind of‘post-world’；ideas such as postmodernism，postmaterialism，post-Fordism，post-socialism and postindustrialism vie with one another to demonstrate how much and which bits of the familiar wold have now disappeared．And yet not all is flux and confusion．The pace of change may have increased，but certain aspects of sco-ial existence and important features of the political landscape have proved to be remarkably resilient to change．Therefore，while this book gives full weight to modern developments such as globalization，the growth of feminism and green politics，the upsurge of ethnic nationalism and the emergence of new social movements，conventional approaches to the discipline are not neglected，and the contribution of classical thinkers such as Plato，Aristotle，Marx and Mill is not ignored．

This third edition features wider discussion of a number of topics as well as additional boxed material．A new chapter has been added on the mass media and political communication，reflecting the extent to which politics and the media are，in the contemporary world，inextricably entwined．There is also extended coverage of developments such as the post-Cold War world order and the‘war on terror’，the rise of identity politics and multiculturalism，and of state transformation in a global era．Throughout the book，greater attention has been given to the increasingly important global dimension of politics．The book nevertheless continues to adopt a holistic approach that tries to bring out what is distinctive about political analysis as a whole，and also highlights concerns that are shared by all who are interested in the subject．In an attempt to bridge the political philosophy/political science divide，links are drawn between normative and empirical theory，and a genuinely international perspective is adopted in preference to a country-by-country of system-by-system one．

The book is organized around five central themes．Part 1 on the theories of politics examines the conceptual and methodological issues that underpin the study of olitics，and thus serves as an introduction to theories and ideas that are addressed throughout the book．Part 2 on nations and globalization discusses the role and significance of the nation-state，particularly in the light of internationalization and the emergence of global politics．Part 3 on political interaction looks at links between the political and nonpolitical worlds and at channels of communication between government and the governed．Part 4 on the machinery of government considers the institutional and political pro-cesses that affect both the nature of government and its style of operation．Part 5 on policy and performance analyses how policy is made and how the perform-ance of political systems can be judged，thus linking back to the theoretical and ideological issues examined in Part 1．

Each chapter starts with an outline of its major themes and a series of questions that indicate the central topics that are addressed in the chapterv．At the end of each chapter there is a summary，a list of questions for discussion，and suggestions for further reading．Additional material is provided through-out the text in the form of glossary panels and boxed information．Brief biographies are provided of key political thinkers and significant political figures，together with a discussion of their theoretical role or importance．Concept boex offer a fuller discussion of important political terms and con-cepts，particularly those with meanings that are complex or contested．Focus boxes give either further insight into particular theories or approaches，or an overview of relevant debates and arguments．These boes are comprehensively cross-referenced，emphasizing the interlocking character of the discipline．A glossary containing definitions of all the significant terms and concepts in the text is included at the end of the book．The bibliographical details of the references in the text（except for works only referred to in the boxes）are given in the bibliography at the end of the book，in addition to details of other in the bibliography at the end of the book，in addition to details of other relevant works．The companion website website to the third edition can be found at relevant works．The companion website to the third edition can be found at www.palgrave.com/foundations/heywood．The website contains useful web-site addresses，chapter notes，questions（with answers）and supplementary material．

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the academic reviewers who commented on earlier drafts of this work，namely John Greenaway，Wyn Grant，Chris Brown and Gerry Stoker．Their advice and criticism was both constructive and insightful，and undoubtedly improved the book at a number of points．Discussions with colleagues and friends，PARTICULARLY kARON AND dOUG wOODWARD，also helped to sharpen the ideas and arguments developed here．My publishers，Steven Kennedy and Suzannah Burywood have been a constant source of support and encouragement，leavened，I am glad to say，by patience when necessary．My most heartfelt thanks，however，go，as ever，to my wife Jean．Not only did she take sole responsibility for the preparation of the type-script of this book，but she also offered advice on both style and content，which was especially useful when I was in danger of lapsing into incoherence．This book is dedicated to my sons，Mark and Robin．

Andrew Heywood，2007